Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Jean Auguste Dominique
Ingres was
the first son of Jean-Marie-Joseph Ingres who was a partially successful artist;
albeit somewhat of a jack-of-all-trades. His mother was Anne Moulet, the
daughter of a Master Wigmaker. Born on 29th August 1780 in Montauban Southern
France he began his formal artistic studies at the Academy in Toulouse. Then at
the age of seventeen he went on to study at the studios of Jacques-Louis David; who
considered him to be the most promising of all his students.
His artistic
style was forged early on and did not change throughout his artistic lifetime
so much as it improved. Already, at the age of seventeen his drawings revealed
this artists extraordinary ability. Unquestionably, Jean Ingres was a
dedicated, sensitive and Romantic draughtsman who possessed an incredible natural
skill. For him (as is the case for all classically trained artists) drawing is
the key which unlocks the heart and soul of oil painting.
The
catalogue Ingres: Drawings from
the Musee Ingres at Montauban and other collections quotes Ingres: "Drawing
is not just reproducing contours, it is not just the line; drawing is also the
expression, the inner form, the composition, the modelling. See what is left
after that. Drawing is seven eighths of what makes up painting”. While his portrait drawings are
considered by many historians and collectors to be his true forte: Ingres
valued his historical oil painting endeavours above all else: They were his
passion.
Jean Ingres
would regimentally study his subject through drawing: Repeating his study over
and over again until he felt he truly understood his subject – Intent upon realising
even the most subtle juxtaposition between one form and another: As Classically
trained artists say – We do not look,
we see. The drawings of Ingres are
particularly sensitive. They emit sensuality, as well as a sensitivity to line
and form that would become even more evident in later life: When nude models
began to feature more and more in his work.
In 1806 his oil
painting‘The Envoys from
Agamemnon’ secured him the Prix de Rome from the Academy. Ingres
remained in Rome for fourteen years: From 1806 until 1820 he would develop his
artistic gift and earn money by drawing concise, skilful portraits, mostly for
visitors who came to the city. It is these portraits that are highly revered
today: Not so much the historical oil paintings he was so keen to produce. Ingres
repeated his more favoured historical themes in his oil paintings over and over.
Unlike his contemporaries he avoided historical depictions of mighty battles. In
the catalogue In Pursuit of
Perfection: The Art of J.-A.-D. Ingres
– From the Louisville: J. B. Speed Art Museum in 1983 Ingres is quoted: I
prefer "moments
of revelation or intimate decision manifested by meeting or confrontation, but
never by violence”.
More than four hundred and fifty of his
portrait drawings remain in existence today: A majority of which were produced
in Italy during his early days. His style is sensitive yet definite and
precise. He would use a sharp graphite pencil to capture likeness with minimum
lines: His immediately recognisable style was unique and uncanny at the time.
The preparatory drawings Ingres produced for his oil paintings are each
approached very differently by the artist: Particularly in comparison to his
Portraiture.
Jean Ingres was highly revered by his
students. His most famous prodigy was Théodore
Chassériau who joined his Parisian studios in 1830 at the young and
impressionable age of eleven. He would study under Ingres for the next four
years until he closed his studios to take up the directorship of the French
Academy of Rome. After his departure Chassériau
formed an artistic allegiance with Romanticist Delacroix. Ultimately lead to
Ingres disowning him: And yet curiously, regardless of this artist’s classical dedication
to the depiction of the most idealised, cleanest and most balanced form and
proportion – His interest in more exotic subject matter and tendency toward the
erotic reflected the interests of the Romantics.
The influence Ingres has had upon generation
after generation of artists has been more than notable: Degas, Matisse and
Picasso included. American artist Barnett Newman and a significant figure with
regards to Abstract Expressionism is quoted as saying: "That guy was an abstract
painter... He looked at the canvas more often than at the model”. Without
doubt, the oil paintings and portraits of Jean Ingres have become many things
to many people all over the world.
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