Marc Chagall Biography
Marc Chagall was born on the 7th of July 1887 in the city of Vitebsk, Russia. He came from a very humble background; his father was a herring merchant earning 20 roubles a month and his mother sold groceries from the family home.
Chagall, one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century was involved with the most prominent art movements of his time. In lots of respects he was similar to William Morris inasmuch as he had many talents to his bow. Indeed, Chagall excelled in every artistic medium he turned his hand to, including tapestries, ceramic and book illustrations, oil paintings and stained glass. Using stained glass he produced the Jerusalem Windows in Israel, and for the cathedrals of Reims and Metz.
Marc Chagall was one of the pioneers of Modernism. He had a long career and achieved great fame and fortune. On the eve of World War One Chagall travelled between Paris, Berlin and St Petersburg using his own mixture and style to create Modern Art based on his visions of the Jewish Folk culture of Eastern Europe. During the war Chagall lived and worked in Russia where he became renowned for his oil paintings. He was a member of the modernist avant-garde and helped found the Vitebsk Arts College. He left for Paris in 1922.
Chagall's reputation as both a major Jewish artist and a pioneer of modernism was hailed. In Paris he experienced modernisms golden age. He combined the art forms of Fauvism, Cubism and Symbolism with the influence of Fauvism opening the doors for the rise of Surrealism.
In his autobiography entitled 'My Life' Chagall describes how the culture of Hasidic Judaism influenced his life as an artist. In Vitebsk the Jewish population had to deal with pogroms, prejudice, discrimination and segregation. Indeed Jewish children at that time were not allowed to attend ordinary Russian schools or universities. Chagall's mother actually bribed a headmaster from a local school that did not accept Jews to take her son as a pupil and educate him. The headmaster agreed.
It was at school that Chagall witnessed a pupil drawing and became mesmerised. He was to say in later life, 'there was no art in my family home and the concept of art was totally foreign to me'. Chagall began to copy pictures from books and it was then he decided he wanted to become an artist.
Such was the feeling towards Jews at that time that there was only one route that Chagall could take to achieve his ambitions of becoming an artist. The first route of denying he was a Jew was not an option for him. So he took the second route which was to integrate his Jewishness in to his art. This for him was method of both principle and self-assertion.
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